Guides
Formulas, rules and how-tos for timesheets, overtime, rounding and decimal hours.
Breaks
Business
California
Dates
Decimal hours
- Decimal Hours to Hours and Minutes: Formula and Examples Turn 7.75 back into 7:45, handle the 60-minute carry, and convert a whole column in Excel or Google Sheets.
- How to Convert Hours and Minutes to Decimal Hours The formula, a quick mental shortcut, a minutes-to-decimal table, and why payroll uses decimals in the first place.
- Minutes to Decimal Chart: How to Read and Use It What the minutes-to-decimal conversion chart shows, how it is calculated, and when payroll rounding differs from the chart.
Excel
- Business Days Between Dates and Excel NETWORKDAYS How business days are counted, inclusive versus exclusive endpoints, holidays, and the Excel and Google Sheets functions.
- Excel Timesheet Formulas: Hours Worked, Breaks, Overtime and Pay Every formula you need for an Excel timesheet, from time out minus time in to weekly overtime and gross pay, with copy-paste examples.
- How to Calculate Hours Worked in Excel (Step by Step) Set up a sheet from scratch that turns clock-in and clock-out times into hours worked, with breaks and a weekly total.
- How to Make a Timesheet in Excel Create a weekly or bi-weekly timesheet in Excel with time formats, the hours formula, break deduction, overtime split and a print-ready layout.
- Night Shift Hours in Excel: Calculating Time Across Midnight Why 10 PM to 6 AM returns a negative number in Excel and the three formulas that fix it.
Google sheets
- Google Sheets Timesheet Formulas That Actually Work Hours worked, breaks, overnight shifts, overtime and pay formulas for Google Sheets, plus the differences from Excel.
- How to Make a Timesheet in Google Sheets Build a weekly timesheet in Google Sheets from a blank sheet: layout, time formats, the hours formula, totals, overtime and sharing.
How to
- How to Audit Timesheet Rounding for Compliance A step-by-step method to test whether a rounding policy is neutral over time, with a worked audit and a downloadable approach.
- How to Calculate Hours Worked in Excel (Step by Step) Set up a sheet from scratch that turns clock-in and clock-out times into hours worked, with breaks and a weekly total.
- How to Calculate Time Card Hours by Hand A reliable pen-and-paper method for adding up a week of clock-in and clock-out times, with breaks and overtime.
- How to Make a Timesheet in Excel Create a weekly or bi-weekly timesheet in Excel with time formats, the hours formula, break deduction, overtime split and a print-ready layout.
- How to Make a Timesheet in Google Sheets Build a weekly timesheet in Google Sheets from a blank sheet: layout, time formats, the hours formula, totals, overtime and sharing.
Labor law
- California Overtime Rules: Daily, Weekly, Double Time and the 7th Day How California's daily 8-hour, 12-hour double time, weekly 40-hour and seventh-consecutive-day rules combine without double counting.
- Exempt vs Non-exempt Employees: Who Gets Overtime The salary and duties tests that decide whether an employee must be paid overtime, and the common misclassifications.
- Federal Overtime Rules (FLSA): The 40-Hour Work Week Explained Who gets overtime, how the fixed work week works, what counts as the regular rate, and worked examples under the Fair Labor Standards Act.
- How to Audit Timesheet Rounding for Compliance A step-by-step method to test whether a rounding policy is neutral over time, with a worked audit and a downloadable approach.
- Lunch and Rest Break Laws by State (2026) Which states require meal and rest breaks, after how many hours, whether they are paid, and what federal law says.
- Time Clock Rounding and the 7-Minute Rule How quarter-hour, tenth-hour and 5-minute rounding work, why rounding applies per punch, and when it is legal under 29 CFR 785.48.
Math
Military time
- Military Time Explained: Conversion, Chart and Pronunciation How the 24-hour clock works, how to convert both ways in your head, how to say it, and the midnight edge cases.
- Zulu Time (UTC) Explained What Zulu time is, why aviation and the military use it, how to convert to your local time including daylight saving, and how to read 1730Z.
Money
- How to Calculate Sales Tax (Forward and Reverse) Add sales tax to a price, back it out of a total, handle combined state and local rates, and round the way states expect.
- Margin vs Markup: The Difference, Formulas and Conversion Table Why a 50% markup is a 33% margin, how to convert between them, and how to price from a target margin.
Overtime
- California Overtime Rules: Daily, Weekly, Double Time and the 7th Day How California's daily 8-hour, 12-hour double time, weekly 40-hour and seventh-consecutive-day rules combine without double counting.
- Exempt vs Non-exempt Employees: Who Gets Overtime The salary and duties tests that decide whether an employee must be paid overtime, and the common misclassifications.
- Federal Overtime Rules (FLSA): The 40-Hour Work Week Explained Who gets overtime, how the fixed work week works, what counts as the regular rate, and worked examples under the Fair Labor Standards Act.
- Overtime With Multiple Pay Rates: The Weighted Average Method How to calculate overtime when an employee works two jobs at different hourly rates in the same week, per 29 CFR 778.115.
Payroll
- Decimal Hours to Hours and Minutes: Formula and Examples Turn 7.75 back into 7:45, handle the 60-minute carry, and convert a whole column in Excel or Google Sheets.
- Hourly to Salary Conversion (and Back) The standard 2,080-hour year, how to adjust for part time and unpaid leave, and what gets lost when comparing an hourly job to a salaried one.
- How to Convert Hours and Minutes to Decimal Hours The formula, a quick mental shortcut, a minutes-to-decimal table, and why payroll uses decimals in the first place.
- How to Read Your Paycheck: Gross, Taxes, Deductions and Net (2026) Each line on a pay stub explained, with the 2026 Social Security wage base, Medicare rates and how federal withholding is estimated.
- Minutes to Decimal Chart: How to Read and Use It What the minutes-to-decimal conversion chart shows, how it is calculated, and when payroll rounding differs from the chart.
- Overtime With Multiple Pay Rates: The Weighted Average Method How to calculate overtime when an employee works two jobs at different hourly rates in the same week, per 29 CFR 778.115.
- Pay Period Types Explained: Weekly, Bi-weekly, Semi-monthly, Monthly How many paychecks each schedule produces, how to convert between them, and why overtime ignores the pay period.
- PTO Accrual Methods: Per Hour, Per Pay Period, Lump Sum How each accrual method is calculated, the formulas, caps and carry-over, with examples for 80 and 120 hours a year.
- Semi-monthly vs Bi-weekly Pay: The Difference and the Math 24 checks versus 26, how the per-check amount differs, and how each schedule handles hourly overtime.
Percent
Pto
Rounding
- How to Audit Timesheet Rounding for Compliance A step-by-step method to test whether a rounding policy is neutral over time, with a worked audit and a downloadable approach.
- Time Clock Rounding and the 7-Minute Rule How quarter-hour, tenth-hour and 5-minute rounding work, why rounding applies per punch, and when it is legal under 29 CFR 785.48.
Salary
Taxes
- How to Calculate Sales Tax (Forward and Reverse) Add sales tax to a price, back it out of a total, handle combined state and local rates, and round the way states expect.
- How to Read Your Paycheck: Gross, Taxes, Deductions and Net (2026) Each line on a pay stub explained, with the 2026 Social Security wage base, Medicare rates and how federal withholding is estimated.
Time
Time zones
Timesheets
- Excel Timesheet Formulas: Hours Worked, Breaks, Overtime and Pay Every formula you need for an Excel timesheet, from time out minus time in to weekly overtime and gross pay, with copy-paste examples.
- Google Sheets Timesheet Formulas That Actually Work Hours worked, breaks, overnight shifts, overtime and pay formulas for Google Sheets, plus the differences from Excel.
- How to Calculate Hours Worked in Excel (Step by Step) Set up a sheet from scratch that turns clock-in and clock-out times into hours worked, with breaks and a weekly total.
- How to Calculate Time Card Hours by Hand A reliable pen-and-paper method for adding up a week of clock-in and clock-out times, with breaks and overtime.
- How to Make a Timesheet in Excel Create a weekly or bi-weekly timesheet in Excel with time formats, the hours formula, break deduction, overtime split and a print-ready layout.
- How to Make a Timesheet in Google Sheets Build a weekly timesheet in Google Sheets from a blank sheet: layout, time formats, the hours formula, totals, overtime and sharing.
- Night Shift Hours in Excel: Calculating Time Across Midnight Why 10 PM to 6 AM returns a negative number in Excel and the three formulas that fix it.